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Temozolomide (TMZ; brand names Temodar and Temodal and Temcad) is an oral chemotherapy drug. It is an alkylating agent used as a treatment of some brain cancers; as a second-line treatment for astrocytoma and a first-line treatment for glioblastoma multiforme.

The therapeutic benefit of temozolomide depends on its ability to alkylate/methylate DNA, which most often occurs at the N-7 or O-6 positions of guanine residues. This methylation damages the DNA and triggers the death of tumor cells. However, some tumor cells are able to repair this type of DNA damage, and therefore diminish the therapeutic efficacy of temozolomide, by expressing a protein O⁶-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) encoded in humans by the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene. In some tumors, epigenetic silencing of the MGMT gene prevents the synthesis of this enzyme, and as a consequence such tumors are more sensitive to killing by temozolomide. Conversely, the presence of AGT protein in brain tumors predicts poor response to temozolomide and these patients receive little benefit from chemotherapy with temozolomide.

Usual Adult Dose for Anaplastic Astrocytoma

Oral:
Initial Dose: 150 mg/m2 orally once a day
Maintenance Dose: 200 mg/m2 orally once a day

Duration of Therapy: 5 consecutive days per 28-day treatment cycle

IV:
Initial Dose: 150 mg/m2 IV over 90 minutes once a day
Maintenance Dose: 200 mg/m2 IV over 90 minutes once a day

Duration of Therapy: 5 consecutive days per 28-day treatment cycle

Comments:
-Dose should only be increased to 200 mg/m2 if both the nadir and day of dosing (Day 29, Day 1 of next cycle), the ANC is greater than or equal to 1.5 x 10(9)/L and platelet count is greater than or equal to 100 x 10(9)/L.
-A complete blood count should be obtained on day 22 or within 48 hours of that day of each cycle and weekly until the ANC is above 1.5 x 10(9)/L and the platelet count is above 100 x 10(9)/L.
-The next cycle should not be started until the ANC and platelet count exceed the above levels.
-In clinical trial, treatment could be continued for a maximum of 2 years. Optimum duration of therapy is not known.
-Treatment with this drug may be continued until disease progression.

Use:
-Refractory anaplastic astrocytoma with disease progression on a drug regimen containing nitrosourea and procarbazine.

There are some side-effects of this drug Temozolomide, if you feel too much uncomfortable then see your doctor immediately:

• Insomnia
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Nausea
• Hives
• Anxiety
• Rash
• Dry skin
• Mouth sores
• Night sweats
• Teary eyes
• Weakness
• Tiredness